The presentation gives features, properties and various details of direct reduced iron. Most gasbased direct reduction plants are part of integrated steel minimills, located adjacent to the electric arc furnace. This is called the direct reduction process and is an environmentallyfriendly production process. This intermediate product is subsequently melted in electric arc furnaces or induction furnaces.
Herein, we established a flowthrough electrochemical system packed with polymeric beads supported nzvi email protected for selective nitrate reduction. During the reduction process in the production of direct reduced iron, either coal or a special gas commonly containing a combination of carbon monoxide and hydrogen is used. Capture 800 kty byproduct co2 emitted from es dri plants and deliver it to adnoc oil fields for use in eor. In both cases, the objective of the process is to drive off the oxygen contained in various forms of iron ore sized ore, concentrates, pellets, mill scale, furnace dust, etc. Bardin central scientificresearch institute of ferrous metallurgy tsniichermet. Other articles where directreduced iron is discussed. Most gasbased direct reduction plants are part of integrated steel minimills, located adjacent to the electric arc furnace eaf. Basic concept or summary s16 u a direct reduced iron dri production plant is a shaft reduction furnace to produce dri with large metal iron content by directly reducing iron ore or iron ore pellets with reducing gases. Sponge iron production by direct reduction of iron oxide. Hbi is the product of reducing iron ore with natural gas. Understanding the different direct reduced iron products gard. Aftermarket group dedicated to continual support of your midrex plant. Lurgi metallurgies drivers for the development of the circored process were on the one hand the growing demand for a direct reduction process utilizing iron ore fines directly to decrease hbi.
The reduction process takes place in the reduction tower. The output is sold as pellets or briquettes called hot briquetted iron. Apr 28, 2020 during the reduction process in the production of direct reduced iron, either coal or a special gas commonly containing a combination of carbon monoxide and hydrogen is used. Direct reduced iron simple english wikipedia, the free. The product so obtained could be used either as a melting stock for steelmaking in electric arc furnace or as burden material for iron. Direct reduced iron dri production plant nippon steel engineering co. During the last four decades, a new route of ironmaking has rapidly developed for direct reduction dr of iron ore to metallic iron by using noncoking coalnatural gas. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading sponge iron production by direct reduction of iron oxide. Energiron is the unique direct reduction technology that, with the same process scheme configuration, lets you choose the best energy source natural gas, reformed gas, syngas from a coal gasifier or even coke oven. Mar 11, 2016 the presentation gives features, properties and various details of direct reduced iron.
First, at the initial point of contact chemical reaction and. The kiln has been designed based on certain ld ratio, percentage degree of inclination, rpm etc. Understanding the different direct reduced iron products. Direct reduced iron is created when iron ore is burned in a bloomery. Direct reduction of iron ore processes for the production of iron and steel directly from ore without the smelting of pig iron in blast furnaces. Direct reduction processes can be divided roughly into two categories. Production of direct reduced iron in rotary hearth furnace slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Nov 27, 2014 in the search for a pure, available iron source, steelmakers are focusing their attention on directly reduced iron dri. Direct reduced iron dri international iron metallics. This was the genesis of what today is known as the midrex direct reduction process. Incremental changes in present primary steel production technologies would not be sufficient to meet the emission reduction targets. The direct reduction process removes most of this oxygen by exposing the iron oxide pellets to a reducing gas comprised of hydrogen h.
Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. Keywords iron ore, reduction kinetics, solid conversion, reduction rate, dr estimation models 1. Steel industry technologies direct reduced iron hose master. Direct reduction of iron ore article about direct reduction.
The term direct reduced iron, or dri, has a generic meaning which covers a number of products with a variety of properties and hazards. In the search for a pure, available iron source, steelmakers are focusing their attention on directly reduced iron dri. Direct reduction refers to solidstate processes which reduce iron oxides to metallic iron at temperatures below the. Textile, cement, steel processing etc global network total. The processes that produce iron by reduction of iron ore below the melting point of the iron produced are generally classified as direct reduction processes, and the product is referred to as direct reduced iron. Direct reduced iron and production of dri part 1 youtube. A direct reduced iron dri production plant is a shaft reduction furnace to produce dri with large metal iron content by directly reducing iron ore or iron ore pellets with reducing gases. The direct reduction dr process is one such ironmaking process that can substitute for blastfurnace bf ironmaking.
Sponge iron instead of liquid hot metal is produced and then this direct reduced iron is melted in the electric furnace. Consequently, efficient nitrate reduction in the flow mode was achieved on email protected under. Directreduced iron, also called sponge iron, is produced from direct reduction of iron ore by a reducing gas produced from natural gas or. Anhydrous magnesium chloride mgcl 2 powder purchased from aladdin, and magnesium mg metal powder with the particle size between 100 and 200 mesh, obtained from sinopharm chemical reagent co. Iron ore lumps for direct reduction processes number of amendments. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. The product of such solid state processes are called direct reduced iron dri, whereas the product of the blast furnace is referred to as hot metal in the molten state, or pig iron in the solidified form. Direct reduced iron dri is the product of the direct reduction of iron ore in the solid state by carbon monoxide and hydrogen derived from natural gas or coal. State of direct reduction and reduction smelting processes j. The ore route viewing the process from the ore route, a pneumatic. The volume of steel produced by the, now oldfashioned, blast furnace process is already very low and will continue to decline relative to the volume of steel produced by the electric arc process, for which dri is the raw material. Direc t redu c ed iro n dri, also called s ponge iron, is produced f rom the direct reduction of iron ore in the form of lumps, pellets, or fine s to iron b y a reducing gas or elemental carbon produced from natural gas or coal. Replacing coke, used in the blast furnaces as a reducing agent, with hydrogen produced from water electrolysis has the potential to reduce. Dri and its derivatives, including hot briquetted iron hbi, are a virgin iron feedstock that is often used in steelmaking.
Selective reduction of nitrate to n 2 is attractive but still a difficult challenge in the water treatment field. In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to know and speak the laws that govern them. Pdf detailed modeling of the direct reduction of iron ore in a. The midrex process the worlds most reliable and productive direct reduction ironmaking technology. Direct reduced iron dri the world market for steel is expected to continue to increase. This report is the first publication of market research of direct reduced iron dri the purpose of research market analysis of direct reduced iron in the cis and china, which covers the period 20072015. Based on the types of reductant used, dr processes can be broadly classified into two groups.
Iron ore lump ore, pellets, or a mixture thereof is charged into the reduction shaft, where it is reduced to direct reduced iron dri by the reduction gas in counterflow. Commercially, dri is generated in four different reactors. Alternative iron source produced by heating an iron ore generally having 65 to 70 percent iron at a temperature high enough to burn off its carbon and oxygen content a process called reduction but below irons melting point1535c or 2795f. This product is known as direct reduced iron dri or sponge iron. Directreduced iron dri, also called sponge iron, is produced from direct reduction of iron ore in the form of lumps, pellets or fines by a reducing gas produced from natural gas or coal. As previously stated, dri is produced by the reduction removal of oxygen of iron oxide at temperatures below the melting point of iron. Introduction in the direct reduction of iron oxide with gas as the reducing agent, a reduction reaction takes place. Krakatau steel of indonesia, perwaja steel and lion group of malaysia adopted the technology as they want to make use of inexpensive domestic natural gas as the reductant. Total worlds dri output by processes in 2001 in % 2 3. Direct reduction processes direct reduction is defined as a process of producing solid iron product.
September 27, 2017 why do i need a chefs toque in a steel mill. Discharge screws convey the dri into the melter gasifier, where final reduction and melting take. History established as daewoo corporation 1967 became member company of posco group 2010 major business international trading project organizing natural resource development manufacturing. Direct reduction direct reduction process is the only iron making technology currently adopted in south east asia. Potential for co2 emissions reduction in midrex direct. Production of iron and steel releases seven percent of the global greenhouse gas ghg emissions. This book provides a fascinating study of the very important emerging field of direct reduction in which iron ore is directly reduced in the solidstate, using either natural gas or noncoking coal, to produce a highly metallised material, referred to as sponge iron or direct reduced iron. Therefore, the ore should be high in iron content and low in gangue, physical specification. Pdf this paper addresses the modeling of the iron ore direct reduction process, a process likely to reduce co2 emissions from the steel industry. This material is produced by the reaction of a low gangue iron ore with a hydrocarbonaceous substance. The reducing gas is a mixture, the majority of which is hydrogen h 2 and carbon monoxide co which act as reducing agents.
Shenwus new regenerative rotary hearth furnace direct reduction iron making process. It is a recyclingbased route contrary to the three abovementioned orebased routes see area of route 4 within dotted line in fig. The direct reduction processes are being pursued with the objective of producing iron using reductants unsuitable for blast furnaces. Decarbonization of the iron and steel industry with direct. Direct reduced iron determination of metallic iron brominemethanol titrimetric method number of amendments. Resources trend and use of direct reduced iron in steelmaking. Thus, the iron ore fines from mineral sales private, ltd and ramandburg fines from bellary hospet pvt would both be considered highgrade less than 2% si02 and al203 that are suitable for directreduction pellets while the donimalai fines from nmdc are more characteristic of a blast furnace feed material. The raw material used in this study was upgraded titania slag ugs provided by rio tinto. Coal and coal briquettes charged to the meltergasifier are gasified, providing the necessary energy for melting in addition to the reduction gas.
The development of directreduction processes is related to the decreasing supply of the coking coals required for blastfurnace production and the limited supply of highgrade metal scrap for the production. Di rect reduction refers to soli dstat e proces s es w hich reduce i ron oxi des to metallic iron at temperatures below the melting. Direct reduced iron dri, also called sponge iron, is produced from the direct reduction of iron ore in the form of lumps, pellets, or fines to iron by a reducing gas or elemental carbon produced from natural gas or coal. Steel industry technologies direct reduced iron hose. Production of direct reduced iron in rotary hearth furnace. The steel mill is like a big kitchen, where the steel workers are the cooks, and the steel furnace is basically a viking range on steroids. The midrex direct reduction process brief history and description in 1966, midlandross corporation discussed and began the pursuit of developing a dri process for producing highly metallized direct reduced iron dri pellets for use in steelmaking. Using direct reduction to costs less than using blast furnaces. Processes that produce iron by reduction of iron ore in solid state below the.
Application of different models for the prediction of the. Processes that produce iron by reduction of iron ore in solid state below the melting point are generally classified as dr processes. The world market for steel is expected to continue to increase. Krakatau steel of indonesia, perwaja steel and lion group of malaysia adopted the technology as they want to make use of inexpensive domestic natural gas as the. Shenwus new regenerative rotary hearth furnace direct reduction iron making process duration. Only highgrade ores and pellets made from superconcentrates 66 percent iron are therefore really suitable for dr iron making.
A few direct reduction processes have already been commercially accepted. Direct reduced iron dri, also called sponge iron, is produced from the direct reduction of iron ore to iron by a reducing gas or elemental carbon produced from. Direct reduced iron dri, produced by the reaction between iron ore and reducing gasses, is used as a source of lowresidual iron, in addition to ferrous scrap. A feature of this report is a detailed analysis of the production of dri in russia, reporting about the main processes for producing dri. Co2 is generated by process of direct reduced iron dri steel making. Direct reduction refers to processes which reduce iron oxides to metallic iron below the melting point of iron. Direct reduction of upgraded titania slag by magnesium for. There has been a disturbing increase in the number of potential life threatening incidents involving the carriage of direct reduced iron dri. This process of reducing the iron ore in solid form by reducing. The terms direct reduction of iron, direct production of iron, cokeless metallurgy, or nonblastfurnace metallurgy are used in the literature to denote new methods for the metallurgical conversion of iron ore to iron.
Lubricating critical equipments in a sponge iron indsutry under some of the most demanding conditions, project sales corp, authorized channel partners for molykote, presents a blog on the unique product offering for the sponge iron industry. Direct reduction dr the spongelike product, known as directreduced iron, or dri, and must be removed in a subsequent steelmaking process. Direct reduction is removing the oxygen from the ore. Total worlds dri output in 1998, 1999, 2000 and 2001 in % 2 figure 2. The increasing role of direct reduced iron in global steelmaking. Because making steel is the industrial version of cooking. The increasing role of direct reduced iron in global.
Directreduced iron an overview sciencedirect topics. Most of the early direct reduction plants were built as part of integrated mini mills in which the dri. Sep 25, 2016 directreduced iron, also called sponge iron, is produced from direct reduction of iron ore by a reducing gas produced from natural gas or coal. Your partner for contracting to commissioning direct reduced iron plants. Sponge iron production by direct reduction of iron oxide kindle edition by chatterjee, amit. The volume of steel produced by the, now oldfashioned, blast furnace. Direct reduction process is the only ironmaking technology currently adopted in south east asia. This mixture functions as a reducing agent and facilitates the decrease in the irons oxygen and carbon content. Optimization of the iron ore direct reduction process through. Legally binding document step out from the old to the newjawaharlal nehru. Sep 23, 2011 production of direct reduced iron in rotary hearth furnace slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. The gangue material in sponge iron, originating from iron ore, namely, silica and alumina and the sulphur and phosphorous contents adversely affect the economics in subsequent steel making operation.
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